PC-SIG Library 8

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Micro Statistics Package MSP Version 2.0 Elmo Keller 1414 Smith Court San Luis Obispo, CA. 93401 Patrick Marsh 10482 Orozco Road San Diego, CA 92124 1.0 INTRODUCTION è1.Introduction The Micro Statistics Package is a statistics utility program written in Turbo Pascal for an IBM PC, XT, AT or compatible computer based on MSDOS. The salient feature of this package is its ease of use. It allows the user to perform a wide variety of statistical analyses on columns of data contained in a worksheet. The user manipulates data in a typical statistical worksheet by typing in English commands indicating actions to be taken on the column or columns of data. There are over 100 commands, including procedures for regression, analysis of variance, correlation, Chisquare analysis of count data, plotting, sorting, transforming data, stem and leaf displays, boxplots, nonparametric statistics, cross tabulation, save and retrieval of files, letter value displays, condensed plots, pop up reverse Polish Calculator with combinations and permutations and over 25 functions, pop up distribution calculator to compute Normal, t, F and Chisquare distribution P values and help commands. Commands are also provided to edit data contained in the worksheet. This package is intended to be used by students and researchers dealing with small or medium size data analysis problems. The second major feature of MSP is its environment of pop up windows. There are 8 windows that can be activated by function keys. F2 activates the calendar and time of day window. F3 turns the screen into a reverse Polish Calculator. F4 activates the distribution calculator. F1, F7 and F8 are general purpose windows and can store results for later comparison. These windows are activated by the function keys and deactivated by the same function keys. F5 and F6 are small windows used for holding the current path, or help information for each cmd. In addition there are a series of file utility commands to make data operations easier, such as getdir,listfile, changedir, makedir, removedir and delete file. MSP has a HELP feature. From within the MSP program the command help will invoke the list of available commands. The command HELP COMMAND will invoke specific help for the command following HELP. MSP>help will generate the list of available MSP commands. MSP> help stem will generate help information for the stem command. A command can be up to 8 characters long. One needs to give the command with the minimum number of characters to uniquely identify the command. For example help can be given by he, hel or help to activate the command. 2.0 GETTING STARTED The list below shows the names of the files that are needed on the disk to run MSP. MSP.COM MSP.H04 MSP.H09 MSP.000 MSP.H05 MSP.H10 MSP.H01 MSP.H06 RPCALC.BIN MSP.H02 MSP.H07 MSP.H03 MSP.H08 MSP.COM is the main module and is the root overlay for the MSP package. The overlay modules are in MSP.000 which contain the routines called by main, and must be on the same disk as the main module. The files MSP.H01 - MSP.H10 are help files containing the text used in the HELP command. The file RPCALC.BIN èthe same disk as the main module. Your disk may also contain data files for is used to form the screen image of the Reverse Polish Calculator. Insert the disk in a drive and type MSP. The program initializes the data structures and then prints a screen message. The screen message stays in the main window until the main window is used for output. You will see the MSP prompt in the command window. You can now enter the MSP commands. Notice the header in the command window displays the windows that can be invoked by the function keys. Now you are ready to enter the MSP command in the command window. 3.0 CHECKING OUT THE WINDOWS F1 is displayed on the main window which is active when you begin. Press the function key F2 and the calendar and clock become active in a small window. Again toggle the function key F2 and the calendar window becomes inactive and back to the main window. Next try the function key F3. This invokes the calculator. This is a Reverse Polish Calculator and operates with values on a stack. More is said about this calculator in the manual, for now enter 24 on the keyboard and the enter key. Then enter 6 and the + key, 30 will be displayed. When the calculator is active the function keys take on the functions as displayed on the left side of the screen. With 30 in the display, press F1 and the square root of 30 will be displayed. Note that the functions above the left display of the function keys are activated by shift and the appropriate function key. The ESC key deactivates the calculator and you are now back to the background window. Press F4 and the F4 Distribution Functions Window is activated. Choose the t distribution by selecting 2. Enter a t value and degrees of freedom, say 2.3 and 15. The significiance levels will be displayed. Next choose 5 and deactivate the Distributions Window. F7-F10 are available for the user to use to create windows for their own use. 4.0 MSP SUMMARY è3. Overview The Micro Statistical Package, MSP, is an integrated system consisting of a command line interpreter and a set of statistical procedures together with many utility routines. Together they are used to perform analyses and housekeeping functions on real data stored in a worksheet. MSP contains procedures to do the following functions: (Upper case is used here to indicate the key part of the command. Command lines can be a mixture of upper or lower case) * The READ, SET, SAVE, and RETRieve commands are used to input and save data. Input data can be entered from the console or from an existing data file created with an editor. The PRINt command is used to print data to the screen or to the printer or to a file. The complete worksheet can be saved on a disk file and later retrieved. * The ORDEr and SORT commands are provided to allow the sorting of column data into increasing order, and/or carry along corresponding columns. RANK computes the ranks of data in a column. * AVERage, STANdard deviation, COUNt, MEDIan, MAXImum, MINImum, PLOT, NSCOres, HISTogram, and DESCribe are some of the commands which provide descriptive statistics for data in the worksheet columns. * There are over 24 commands to provide transformations on data in the worksheet. A LET command allows columns of data to be terms or factors in mathematical expressions. * Editing commands such as APPEnd, INSErt, PICK, SUBStitute, etc. can be used to edit data contained in the worksheet. * A directory command, DIR, is used to obtain the directory listing of files on any disk. * Commands are provided for statistical analysis of data. These commands include, ZTESt, TTESt, TWOSample, POOLed t test, ONEWay, TWOWay, REGRession, CHISquare, CORRelation, and the general linear model methodology using repeated regression runs. * A window invironment is provided with pop up calculator, distribution functions, calendar and clock. * A HELP command to describe usage of all commands. The software is written in Turbo Pascal marketed by Borland International. The Program modules consist of two main parts: 1. Data structures and procedures necessary to supply the user with a worksheet of 35 columns, containing up to a total of 2500 real values. ( See figure 1. below ) 2. A collection of commands which operate on the data stored in the worksheet. These commands are English and the verb is descriptive of the operation performed on the column or columns. è COLUMNS C1 C2 C3 ... C23 C24 C35 MCOLS -------------------------------------------------- ROW | | | | 1 | | | | 2 | | | | 3 | | | | . | | . | | . | | | | MROWS | | -------------------------------------------------- Figure 1. The MSP Worksheet EXAMPLE 1. is a simple example of commands to MSP to demonstrate the use of commands on columns in the worksheet. Output from MSP goes into the active window, or to the printer or to a file depending on the command OUTPUT which sets the destination for the output. The default in to the screen in the currently active window. MSP> SET DATA IN C1 DATA GOES IN COLUMN WISE DATA>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SPACE or COMMA DELIMITS DATA VALUES DATA>END END -- ENDS INPUT DATA MSP> AVERAGE DATA IN C1 AVERAGE COMMAND MSP> READ DATA INTO C2-C4 DATA GOES ROW WISE INTO C2 C3 C4 DATA> 40 35 60 DATA> 50 60 38 DATA>END MSP> PRINT C2-C4 MSP> HISTOGRAM DATA IN C1 MSP> STOP EXAMPLE 1. MSP Sample Commands The MSP command line interpreter allows free formatted command lines for commands. Extraneous characters are allowed in the command line to give added documentation, but are completely ignored by the program as long as the necessary arguments appear in the correct order and are of the correct type. Command lines can be up to 128 characters. The command line consists of a command word (enough characters to uniquely identify the command) followed by an argument list. The command line takes the following forms. è command command arg1 arg2 ... argn command "arg1" where arg is either a column, filename enclosed in quotes, or a real valued constant separated by either blanks,tabs, or commas. Only the first eight letters of a command are used to determine the uniqueness of the verb. You may give as many characters of a command as you wish, so long as it is uniquely identified from the available commands. The backspace key allows you to back up and retype a command or argument. The key combination of CTRL and e pressed together will erase the command line and allow you to retype the command. This is what one would do in response to a beep indicating an error in the command line. Output to the console can be routed to the printer by using the command, MSP> OUTPUT "prn" or to a disk file by the following command, MSP> OUTPUT "file". Output will go back to the console by using the command, MSP> NOOUT This will close the channel to the disk file or printer and redirect output to the currently active window on the console screen. Be sure that the printer is ready for operation before enabling printing. Output results can be sent to a file for later output to the printer. This is useful when the user is in an environment where the printer is shared. 5.0 SUMMARY OF VALID ARGUMENTS Constant, column, or name arguments may appear in the argument list of a command. Constant values are read in as real, and if an integer value is expected the value is truncated. A column argument may take two possible forms. It may be the letter c followed by an integer in the range 1 to 35, or it may be a column name of the form 'cost' or "cost". Arguments are delimited by a comma, tab, or a blank. average the data in c1 put it in c2 set "data.one" in c3 1. The letter c, or C, followed by an integer within the range 1 to 35. 2. A column name consisting of up to 10 characters enclosed in either single or double quotes. A column can be given a name by using the NAME command. 3. A column range is two column arguments separated by a dash. For example, the argument c1-c5 means column 1 through column 5. For commands requiring file access, the file name is specified as "filename". In the READ and SET commands the file name must be given in the command line as one of the arguments, as also in SAVE and RETRieve. If the user is prompted for the file name, the file name is typed without enclosing quotes. The following notation will be used in these notes when referring to arguments and also in the online documentation. [ ] : denotes optional information. C : denotes a column (e.g. c1). K : denotes an integer or real constant (e.g. 23 or 34.43). C(K): denotes a real constant equal to the value in the Kth row of column C. E : denotes either a constant or a column. (e.g. 3.5 or c4) "name" : denotes a column name. This name can be up to 10 characters in length. Ci-Cj : denotes a column range. If a valid range, all columns with the specified range will be used (e.g. C3 - C10, "coeff" - C6). C ... C : denotes a general column list. Each column, or column range, is specified in the list, separated by blanks or commas, using any of the above mentioned column argument forms (e.g. C2, C4 "code", c1 - c4). "drive_char:filename.extension" : The file name consists of up to 15 characters which includes: drive_char: - The drive character must represent a valid drive on the system. If not specified, the currently logged drive is used. filename - The filename must be a valid MSDOS file name. .extension - The file extension (type) must be a valid MSDOS file extension. It is possible to create text files containing standard MSP commands and execute them from within MSP as a batch file. The command file can be created using any editor follow the same command format as when entered at the MSP prompt. There are a few things to be careful of when using MSP command files: - Be sure that each line is terminated with a carriage return. - When entering data for the READ or SET commands, be sure to use the END command to terminate the data. Also, be sure that the line containing the END command is terminated with a carriage return. - Be sure data is entered for all prompts. Several commands prompt for extra information and this information must be provided in a command file. Assume the data below is in a file called one.xxx : è READ C1 C4 C6 1.23 3.45 3.54 =========> data in a file one.xxx 2.34 3.65 76.5 END PRINT C1 C4 C6 To execute the commands in the file you would give the following command in MSP. MSP> execute "one.xxx"